伦理意见251

客户和第三人索赔的结算收益的保管

When both the client and a third person claim an interest in settlement proceeds held by a lawyer in his IOLTA account, the portion of the proceeds in dispute should not be disbursed to the client if the lawyer reasonably believes that the 第三方 has a just claim to such portion. These disputed proceeds should be retained in the account until the dispute is resolved. Any undisputed portion of the settlement proceeds must be distributed promptly to the parties entitled to receive such portions.

适用的规则

• 规则1.15(物业保管)
• 规则1.6(信息保密)

调查

询问者代表一位在D医院接受治疗的人身伤害案件的客户.C. 综合医院. 哥伦比亚特区政府支付了委托人的医疗费用. The litigation was settled favorably for the client and the inquirer has received the settlement monies. D.C. Code &教3 - 507, 节., [Health Care Assistance Reimbursement Act] has asserted a Medicaid lien over the settlement proceeds, seeking reimbursement of medical benefits paid by the District on the client’s behalf. 后结算, the lawyer requested the District to reduce the amount of its lien because (1) some of the amounts reflected in the lien were for charges unrelated to his client’s accident-related injuries and medical care; (2) some of the accident-related charges were deemed excessive in a deposition given by the client’s D.C. 综合医院 treating physician; and (3) the lien is subject to compromise under D.C. Code &教3 - 507 (b). 该地区要么拒绝，要么没有回应这一请求. Inquirer’s client has asked inquirer to disburse all of the settlement proceeds directly to him. Inquirer notes that he expects his client to spend the money once it is received and asks whether he can, 按照规定, 在他的IOLTA账户中持有受地区留置权约束的资金.

讨论

规则1.15, 保管的财产, generally requires a lawyer to deliver promptly to the client or a third person any funds or other property that the client or a third person is entitled to receive.¹ 对规则1的注释[4].15 acknowledges that other parties “may have just claims against funds or other property in a lawyer’s custody.” The comment states further that the lawyer “may have a duty under applicable law to protect such 第三方 claims against wrongful interference by the client, 并有权拒绝将财产交给委托人.“在本案中, the District Government has asserted a statutory lien over a portion of the settlement proceeds. 地区法律规定, after receipt of a notice of a perfected Medicaid lien (presumably the case here), if certain persons dispose of funds without paying the amount necessary to satisfy the lien, that person is personally liable for one year for any amount that the District is unable to recover.²

Whenever the lawyer holds funds that he reasonably believes are subject to a perfected statutory lien, the lien should be considered to be a 第三方 “just claim” against the funds held in the lawyer’s custody, 因为该术语在规则1的注释[4]中使用.15. 在这种情况下, the lawyer should refuse to disburse the contested settlement proceeds to the client. Instead, the lawyer should hold the disputed funds until the dispute has been resolved.³ 当然, the uncontested portion of the proceeds should be promptly delivered to the client pursuant to 规则1.15(b). 规则1.15及其下的评论承认这一点, 尽管澳博app对委托人负有至高无上的义务, 在资金方面，也可能对第三方负有道德责任, 在澳博app手里, 第三方可能有权获得的.⁴

澳博app持有争议资金的案件, he may at the client’s request attempt to resolve the dispute by negotiating with the party asserting the claim to the funds. Pending disposition of the disputed funds by an agreement of the parties or by court order, 询盘人必须根据规则1持有有争议的收益.15(a). 应第三方(或客户)要求, 澳博app必须提供关于所得款项的全部账目, 根据规则1的保密规则.6.

结论

A lawyer may distribute to a client only those settlement funds that the client is entitled to receive.

调查没有. 93-7-17
通过:1994年10月18日

1. 规则1.15 (b):
Upon receiving funds or other property in which a client or third person has an interest, 澳博app应当及时通知委托人或者第三人. Except as stated in this Rule or otherwise permitted by law or by agreement with the client, a lawyer shall promptly deliver to the client or third person any funds or other property that the client or third person is entitled to receive and, 应客户或第三方要求, 应立即就该等财产作出全面核算, 受规则1约束.6.
2. D.C. 法典第3-507条规定:
If after receiving notice of the lien under paragraph (2) of subsection (d) of this section a beneficiary, 第三方, or an insurer of a third-party tortfeasor disposes of funds covered by a lien perfected under this section without paying the District the amount of its lien that could have been satisfied from those funds after paying off any prior liens, 的受益人, 第三方, 或保险公司, 自资金被不当处置之日起一年内, 须就下列款项向地区承担法律责任, 因为性格, 它无法恢复.
3. 看,e.g.——卡西迪，89岁，伊利诺伊州. 2d 145, 432 N.E.2d 274 (1982). The court held that the attorney could not be censured where he had not disbursed to his client settlement proceeds in his trust account on which third parties had liens.
4. 规则1.15(b)及评论[4]. 参见Leon v. 马丁内斯,N.Y. Ct. 应用程序. No. 103 (7/7/94). 在马丁内斯, the court rejected 4 the lawyer’s argument that he was obligated under DR 9-102 to pay his client the settlement funds in his possession and permitted the lawyer to be sued by third parties to enforce their claim for a portion of the settlement proceeds. The court concluded that the rule explicitly created ethical duties to third parties with respect to funds, 澳博app持有, 第三方可能有权获得的.